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第二冊新概念英語課后練習(xí)及語法的總結(jié)
第二冊新概念英語課后練習(xí)及語法的總結(jié)
I.單數(shù)主語：
1.當(dāng) every-, some-, any-, no- 等構(gòu)成的不定代詞及 each, either, neither 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)。 Someone has told me about it.
Neither of us likes the film.
2.當(dāng) every 或 each 位于兩個(gè)由連接詞連接的單數(shù)主語前，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(必記之要點(diǎn)!)
Each girl and boy has a nickname.
Every man and woman is welcome.
3.位于主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞須和主語一致。常見介詞短語有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
(這是一幾乎所有考試都不愿放過的重點(diǎn)。)
The teacher along with his students is going to the party.
His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.
II.復(fù)數(shù)主語：
1.當(dāng)主語由 and 或 both ... and 連接，通常采用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。
● Both thegirl and the boyare his friends.
2.如主語是both, few或主語前有both, few, several, many 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)。
● Several novels have been written by her.
● Both got the news at the same time.
下列名詞總是復(fù)數(shù)形式且謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。
trousers, pants(褲子)，jeans, glasses, scissors(剪刀)，tweezers(鑷子)，plier(鉗子)，
scales (天平)，compasses(圓規(guī))，etc.
● The trousers hereare mine.
別忘了：如果以上名詞受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The pair of pants is too dirty.
III.單、復(fù)數(shù)的靈活運(yùn)用：
1.當(dāng)主語由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與nor, or, but also后面的詞一致，在英語語法中，這被稱之為“就近原則”。
● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.
2.當(dāng)主語前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)主語的具體情況而采用相應(yīng)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。
All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可數(shù)名詞)
All of us have been here.
3.“a number of”是復(fù)數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)，“the number of”也修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(黃金要點(diǎn)!!)
● A number of students have passed the exam.
● The number of students in this class is 50.
IV. 用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式主語：
1.如主語是指：time, money, weight, volume, etc. 雖為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語用單數(shù)形式。
Two years is a short time.
One hundred dollars is needed by me.
2.下列單詞如：physics，economics，mathematics，statistics，etc;measles，mumps，herpes，etc，news，ethics，politics，etc. 為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Statistics is a dull subject.
Politics is important.
3.書、報(bào)、雜志、電影的名稱作主語，謂動(dòng)用作單數(shù)。
The New York Times is a good newspaper.
V.下列名詞在形式上保持不變，但謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于其意義：
1.family，team，class，committee，group，audience，faculty，etc.
The family is big.(總體)
His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成員)
2.species，series，etc.
The species is rare.
These species are common.
3.sheep，deer，etc.
The sheep are eating grass.
The sheep is big.
VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指語言時(shí)，謂動(dòng)是單數(shù)，如與 "the" 搭配，指人民時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
English is used widely.
The English love peace.
VII. 注意下列外來語的單復(fù)數(shù)形：
單數(shù)
basis
crisis
criterion(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))
phenomenon
radius(半徑)
alumnus(男校友)
datum(資料)
medium(媒體)
index(索引)
appendix(附錄)
alga(海藻)
vita(生命)
復(fù)數(shù)
bases
crises
criteria
phenomena
radii
alumni
data
media
indices
appendices
algae
vitae
練習(xí)：
1. Students today are writing ________ of poetry.
A. a great many lines B. quantities of lines C. lots lines D. a large number
2. Thebookstore had not ordered ________ texts for all the students in the course.
A. plenty of B. enough
C. as many D. enough of
3. — What did you see? — We saw ________ police there.
A. many B. much C. little D. the
4. — Do you want to wait? — Two weeks ________ too long for me to wait.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, ________.
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position
答案：1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C
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