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2023年公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
在平日的學(xué)習(xí)中，大家都沒(méi)少背知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧？知識(shí)點(diǎn)有時(shí)候特指教科書(shū)上或考試的知識(shí)。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，下面是小編精心整理的2023年公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)1
一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
1 英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。
試比較：The door won't lock.(指門(mén)本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門(mén), 指“門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因)
2 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來(lái)的呢?
3 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)名詞、不定式)的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義
1 請(qǐng)?jiān)趎eed，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的'被動(dòng)形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理。
2 形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3 動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)
試比較：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。)
4 在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5 在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6 在there be…句型中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在人，用被動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ)，重點(diǎn)在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，誰(shuí) lost
time不明確。)
7 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
三、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)意義(表示方位的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞合用，含被動(dòng)之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞)
1 “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見(jiàn)的有：
under control(受控制),
underconstruction(在施工中),
例：The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2 “beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎……勝過(guò)……、范圍、限度”。常見(jiàn)的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond one’s reach(鞭長(zhǎng)莫及)，
例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed).
3 “above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過(guò)……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest character cannot be praised enough.
4 “for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于……、 為著……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5 “in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在……過(guò)程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見(jiàn)的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。
例The book is not yet in print.(=is not yet printed)
6 “on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事…… 中”。常見(jiàn)的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出), on trial(受審)。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7 “out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ; 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常見(jiàn)的有：out of control (控制不了) ，out of sight (超出視線之外)，out of one’s reach (夠不著), out of fashion (不流行) 等。
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)
8 “within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在……內(nèi)、不超過(guò)……”。
例 He took two days off within the teacher's permission
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)2
動(dòng)詞不定式：to +動(dòng)詞原形+sth
做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候：
It is good to study English well學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)好是很好的'事情=To study English well is good
做賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候：動(dòng)詞詞組：動(dòng)詞+to do sth
I want to do housework我想要做家務(wù)
做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的時(shí)候：
I ask you to do homework我叫你去寫(xiě)作業(yè)
I believe it good to learn English well我相信學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好的
I think it good to learn English well我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好的
I find it good to learn English well我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好的
I discover it good to learn English well我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好
I feel it good to learn English well我感覺(jué)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好的
I make it good to learn English well我使得學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很好的
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)3
英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的'動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
一、過(guò)去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語(yǔ)：少說(shuō)多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二、過(guò)分詞用在get,have,make,的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受.....損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過(guò)去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過(guò)去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)4
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
學(xué)生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝.如何區(qū)分之,編個(gè)順口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動(dòng),讓步狀語(yǔ)倒表語(yǔ);復(fù)合句式倒主句,不
倒裝的屬特殊.下面舉例說(shuō)明：
A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)
B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語(yǔ),不倒裝)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語(yǔ)提前,全倒裝)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)倒裝)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only修飾狀語(yǔ),主句倒裝)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語(yǔ).不倒裝)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),不倒裝)
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn).所謂虛擬語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí).它通過(guò)句子的`謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示.現(xiàn)歸納如下：純假設(shè),用虛擬,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級(jí)：條件句,分主從,主句謂語(yǔ)前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(yǔ)(從句)：現(xiàn)在過(guò)去與將來(lái),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級(jí)：提建議,用虛擬,賓語(yǔ)(從句)動(dòng)詞用(should)do：倆建議,三要求,再加堅(jiān)持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order)：It is time和eoukd rather,后接叢句用虛擬：部分主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)(It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do).下面舉例說(shuō)明：
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語(yǔ)從句虛擬)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)5
一、狀語(yǔ)從句的一些引導(dǎo)詞需要著重注意
1.before: …before I could say a word./It may be some time before the situation improves How long it’ll be before I can go back to work? 2.when: It was six o’clock when they arrived at the hotel. 3.since: It’s three years since I smoked. 4.as: Great as the difficulty was,../Much as I admire,…
5.where: They notice that plants don’t grow well where there is much shade. My doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher. 6.主將從現(xiàn)：
I can when my headache disappear thoroughly. If you go, so will I.
二、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是很重要的.考點(diǎn)
have been painting all day/be always doing/I did lock it/will still be sleeping/will have left The papers are still being corrected/It is being served in the dining room.
三、注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)過(guò)去表示推測(cè)的用法
比如，couldn’t have done/might have done/needn’t have done/should/ought to have done特別是shall的用法: No student shall go out of school without the teacher’s permission. Tell him that he shall have the wonderful book tomorrow afternoon. It is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city. Shall I/he book a table?請(qǐng)別忽視某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊含義，如：
must : If you must know her name, her name is Mabel. would: When I was young, I would sit under the old tree listening to grandpa tell me stories. should: It’s strange that Tom, the most excellent student in our grade should fail in the exam. may: May you succeed!/May you be happy!
公共英語(yǔ)考試重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)6
1、一般加s，例如：pen---pens
2、以s，sh，ch，x結(jié)尾加es，例如：bus—buses，brush—brushes，watch—watches，box—boxes
3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，去掉y為I加es例如：baby---babies
4、以f，fe結(jié)尾，去掉f，fe加ves life---lives，leaf---leaves
5、以有生命的o結(jié)尾加es例如：hero---heroes，tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes，mango---mangoes
6、復(fù)合名詞遇見(jiàn)man，woman兩個(gè)詞時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都要加復(fù)數(shù)A man teacher---two men teachers
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