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иԇ13ȫ֌ڵĂ俼h

l(f)rg:2017-04-18݋

YJBYSWWСҽBиԇ13ȫ֌ڵĂ俼hxϣЎ

1иxҪxȫĆ?

ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵OӋֹ“__ģe`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”ˣxxȫΰÿһx?

2Wgиɿ?

иԇxӢZZԜyԇԓעڜyԇW“Z”⿼쿼“Wg֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|@ɱʹÌWgõČWڿԇռЃ(yu)

3PIʲô?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})Mжչ_Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ

4ʲôǿԇеy}?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter

5ܲx?

“иxµLȱc}Ŀƥ”@x}ĿOӋԭtˣ“xŸoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}PϢЩͬWf“Mx꣬Ǵ_xôk?“ ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading keep practicing

6֔Ҫ?

ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿWλrgȵĮa@ҲZҪwF(xin)|֔ͬҪZͬ

SadekŮʿf֔Խ෸eĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡһƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!

7h۷ֆ?

ETSŮ醾팣KimfǵhǞ醾ĹƽhĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһhLUX֔

8ܶͬW˛_֣ķ^ƫ}y}ό?

Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept not because it tests obscure or esoteric matterҲf@y}߉݋s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJˡ

9ɷ^ؼų“O~R”x?

ٷڳ}ĕrѽx@Щ~oYxˡFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”

10΁ÿһx}?

x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһһҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_

Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee

11(ji)}DzһҪļ(ji)?

Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(ji)ɲܕ?

ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿOӋĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring or is it trivial and unimportant?OӋFЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀ⣬ڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength complexityor diction stand out

12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

a.ÿһZresponseǶһrater(ŒETSvf17350raters)ĵDZSCķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһraterɶӰijһ˵ķ֔MCƽ

b.ZģǴ_еġv˷һοпZdz˜ʣҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ𰸣]Ќ|ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔

13Zԇе¼?

ٸV҂ஔtest takersڿZԇĕr򣬕fI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect

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