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иƂ俼h

l(f)rg:2017-08-17 ݋:younian

1“иxҪxȫĆ?”

ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵O(sh)Ӌֹ“__e`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”ˣxxȫΰÿһx?

2“W(xu)g(sh)(qing)иɿ?”

иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”⿼쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)

3P(gun)Iʲô?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c(din)_ӢZ

4ʲôǿԇеy}?

ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJ(rn)A difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.

5ܲx?

“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌԭt“xŸoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“MxǴ_xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.

6?jn)?sh)Ҫ?

ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)|(zh)?jn)?sh)ͬҪZͬ

SadekŮʿf?jn)?sh)Խ෸eĿԾԽŶ!(d)300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!

7“(f)h۷ֆ”?

ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһ(zi)(f)hL(fng)UX֔(jn)

8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?

Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf@y}߉݋(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}(ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ

9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x?

ԣٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.

10΁ÿһx}?

x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһ, һҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_

• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.

11(x)(ji)}DzһҪļ(x)(ji)?Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(x)(ji)ɲܕ?

ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)ӋF(tun)ЎׂɆTxtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength, complexity,or diction stand out.

12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

1).ÿһZresponseǶһrater(Œ,ETSvf17350raters......)ĵDZSC(j)ķֽoͬratersģ@ӾͿԴpͬһrater(yn)ɶӰijһ˵ķ?jn)?sh)M(jn)Cƽ

2).ZģǴ_е.v˷һοпZdz(bio)(zhn)ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ?jn)?sh)

13Zԇе¼?

ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. (dng)ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect.

؟(z)•վϢԴھW(wng)j(lu)D(zhun)ddzڂfϢ֮Ŀζٝͬ^c(din)C(ni)ݵ挍CϢĺ(zhn)_ԺҲϢIJ(zhn)_z©(do)µκΓpʧpГ(dn)؟(z)W(wng)վϢH׺ͷ(w)ĸ(j)ʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ(f)؟(z)಻ؓ(f)κη؟(z)ΣCKጙ(qun)

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