托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句練習(xí)題及解析
托福閱讀中會(huì)遇到那些結(jié)構(gòu)特別復(fù)雜的句子，我們把它叫做長(zhǎng)難句。面對(duì)托福閱讀又叒叕長(zhǎng)的文章，如何攻克閱讀長(zhǎng)難句來(lái)提高閱讀功底和分?jǐn)?shù)呢？眾所周知，長(zhǎng)難句并不屬于托福閱讀十大題型中的任何一類，可事實(shí)上，閱讀高分絕對(duì)離不開長(zhǎng)難句的訓(xùn)練。小編今天為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句練習(xí)題，希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助！
一、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題
1、The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
2、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
3、In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
4、It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
5、How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
二、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題解析
1、
解析：
本句的主干即是：The Greeks assumed。That引導(dǎo)assumed的賓語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞為had；which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，即希臘人的觀點(diǎn)，句中動(dòng)詞是took；在此定語(yǔ)從句中，long before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞是realized；其中how引導(dǎo)realized的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句動(dòng)詞為could be。
參考譯文：
希臘人認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。
2、
解析：
主句：modern practice most closely conforms to one;從句：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians；比較狀語(yǔ)從句as there are historians；定語(yǔ)從句that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past修飾one.
參考譯文：
幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)歷史都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認(rèn)為，歷史是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的'重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。
3、
解析：
主句：the tests work most effectively when... and least effectively when...，主句中潛逃了兩個(gè)并列的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined和when... can not be well defined，第二個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中又嵌套了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句what is to be measured or predicted做此狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。
參考譯文：
一般地說(shuō)，當(dāng)所要測(cè)定的特征能很精確界定時(shí)，測(cè)試最為有效；而當(dāng)所要測(cè)定或預(yù)測(cè)的東西不能明確地界定時(shí)，測(cè)試的效果則最差。
4、
解析：
主句：it is imagined，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，而that引導(dǎo)的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主語(yǔ)從句，為真正的主語(yǔ)。
參考譯文：
許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與這些思維過程（科學(xué)家的思維過程）相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程是必須由某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。
5、
解析：
主句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom；主句中嵌套了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance；定語(yǔ)從句 with which it is interpreted修飾the skill and wisdom。
參考譯文：
這些測(cè)試在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和恰當(dāng)性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
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