英語句子翻譯練習(xí)
導(dǎo)語：對(duì)于每一個(gè)英語句子的翻譯, 并不只是使用一種翻譯方法, 而是多種翻譯方法的綜合運(yùn)用。那么在掌握了一定程度的翻譯技巧以后，就要開始足量的翻譯練習(xí)，才可以在翻譯的路上走遠(yuǎn)哦。小編為大家整理了一些英語句子翻譯練習(xí)，隨其附上的還有相應(yīng)的譯文和答案哦
英語句子翻譯練習(xí) 篇1
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (難度系數(shù)5，下同)
2. 譯文：那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個(gè)個(gè)體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。 難句類型：倒裝、省略
a本句的正常語序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因?yàn)橹髡ZThat sex ratio之后的以which引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語從句，如果按照以上語序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長長的從句倒裝成謂語will be favored之后。
b在which引導(dǎo)的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize 的第一個(gè)賓語the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語從句，但是，因?yàn)閐escendants在從句中作have的賓語，所以引導(dǎo)詞 that 可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個(gè) the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分 that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個(gè)個(gè)體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。 意群訓(xùn)練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 2. (This is)A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)
難句類型：復(fù)雜+倒裝+省略;
(這是一種)照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，此欲望從來就不會(huì)唐突的取代后面的那種欲望，后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個(gè)兼任小說加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。
A、 這句話讀起來別扭的第一個(gè)原因，是因?yàn)樗揪筒皇且粋�(gè)句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個(gè)詞代替一個(gè)句子的方式如果在書面語中出現(xiàn)，只能出現(xiàn)在高級(jí)英語中，因此我們以前的英語學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過。其形式類似于我們中文的“精彩”是“這句話真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟著兩個(gè)大的修飾成分，一個(gè)是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了over reality 之后，正常應(yīng)是throw a light over reality.不過這個(gè)便裝部分與throw距離不遠(yuǎn)，讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個(gè)修飾成分。注意：從that開始直到句尾結(jié)束的長長的定語從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開始的desire的。
C、 第二個(gè)修飾成分中又來了一個(gè)倒裝，由于作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào)never,所以將其提前，引發(fā)了定語從句中的倒裝：正常語序應(yīng)該是that might never be given away，倒裝后系動(dòng)詞was被提前，given因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞might之后所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位于 B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代 B。on the part of 之后的部 分修飾后面的 desire，what 引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)名詞。What 從句中的不定式 to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個(gè)避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語序應(yīng)該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的沖動(dòng)是一種簡單的、說明現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，新沖動(dòng)是一種即是小說家又像科學(xué)家的仔細(xì)研究一個(gè)東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的欲望(新沖動(dòng))，前一種欲望是永遠(yuǎn)也不能取代后者的。
意群訓(xùn)練：(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。
解釋：介詞from的賓語有兩個(gè)并列的部分，由and所連接，在and之后的第二個(gè)from前， 省略了前面一樣的謂語動(dòng)詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個(gè)原因，一是 derived from 后面的成分太長，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來;二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓(xùn)練：Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：弗吉尼亞.伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對(duì)“詩性”小說家(poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩性”小說家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個(gè)體意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。
解釋：本句逗號(hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長主語有些難，但總的來講比較好懂，since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句較難。
A、 since 之后的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語an aspect之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分，一個(gè)是of her literary interests， 另一個(gè)是以that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 連接的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、 句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from 當(dāng)中，修飾interests的定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之后，由于concerned with與前面的concerned with 重復(fù)，所以 concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個(gè)難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評(píng)論題材的文章的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .” (5-)
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻 就像她在《致普通讀者》一書中所表達(dá)的那樣，“盡管可以毫無疑問的說，沒有任何法律被指定出來，也沒有任何高樓大廈被建立起來是因?yàn)閱疼耪f了什么或者寫了什么;然而，當(dāng)我們讀它的書的時(shí)候，我們身上每一個(gè)毛孔都充滿了道德” 這句話不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒有因?yàn)閱疼诺难哉摱a(chǎn)生任何實(shí)際的行為規(guī)則或政治機(jī)構(gòu)，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。
意群訓(xùn)練：As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis (4+)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、專有名詞
譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來又會(huì)(部分)傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解釋：本句中修飾成分極多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類型的狀語。前面的狀語和主句還好理解，從leaving開始句子變難;leaving 引導(dǎo)的.直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來做整個(gè)句子的狀語;分詞中又包含了三個(gè)狀語，其中的兩個(gè) via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的， lactic acid, metabolism 和 muscle 這三個(gè)詞在生物類文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來;而 glycogen 這種東西則沒辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GRE 和 GMAT 文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓(xùn)練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’
preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. (3+)
難句類型：插入語
譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛——在那些奴隸買賣并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。解釋：本句中插入語的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半個(gè)分句中的主語that slaves' preference與系動(dòng)詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓(xùn)練： Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent， he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. (4)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
解釋：由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，encouraged的賓語the transmission of the Black heritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的and so 分開，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語。
意群訓(xùn)練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻(union with close kin)的禁止。 解釋：本句有兩個(gè)插入語，第一個(gè)插入語Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語和謂語。West African rules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(governing
marriage), 第二個(gè)是以which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語之間的聯(lián)系。
意群訓(xùn)練：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.(4+)
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見所下的定義——即“以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族”——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長長的插入語 as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice 的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高�？荚嚞F(xiàn)場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說其理論對(duì)華人和猶太人相對(duì)無用。 意群訓(xùn)練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
11. Such variations in size，shape，chemistry，conduction speed，excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.(5)
難免類型：復(fù)雜修飾
譯文：類似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類似的方面上所發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來與大腦的體驗(yàn)以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谥匾陨先匀皇俏⒉蛔愕赖�。解釋：即使是初練難免的人其實(shí)也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing 居然變成了一個(gè)長達(dá)十二個(gè)單詞的大東西的時(shí)候，實(shí)在令人搞不清后面的as 及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長主語距離系動(dòng)詞remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請(qǐng)讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺：順序閱讀原文時(shí)，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.
意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.
12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits .(5)
有可能通過其他方法來證明神經(jīng)元種類間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異;可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異所影響的，而這些差異看起來卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。難免類型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝 。
解釋：與很多人的印象相反，lack從來就不能作形容詞，它只有動(dòng)詞或名詞的詞性。其形容詞的形式是lacking,意思是缺乏的、不足的。本句的在 however 之前和之后的兩個(gè)分句，是兩個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前一個(gè)是小倒裝，正常語序是：to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods: however后面是個(gè)大倒裝，lacking之后的that引導(dǎo)的同位語人名是修飾主語proof的，但是因?yàn)樗L，所以為了避免頭重腳輕，被放到lacking之后，正常的語序應(yīng)該是proof that the quality of ..was lacking
意群訓(xùn)練：It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.
13. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. (4)
盡管在神經(jīng)能量上存在著質(zhì)的不同，這一點(diǎn)從來都沒有在嚴(yán)格的意義上被反對(duì)過，但是以上教條通常被拋棄掉，而轉(zhuǎn)向相反的觀點(diǎn)，即：神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)從根本上本質(zhì)相同，而且被當(dāng)作“一種普通流”在整個(gè)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中傳播。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、雙重否定
解釋：前半個(gè)分句中有一個(gè)雙重否定，was never rigidly disproved,這種表示法用中文說出來還是比較好懂的，原因是我們熟悉中文的這種表示法，但在英文中出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樵谝郧暗膶W(xué)習(xí)中見得少，所以感覺上很別扭。因此，同學(xué)們的任務(wù)，就是通
過反復(fù)閱讀此類句子來熟悉這樣的英語。其實(shí)在英文表達(dá)中，很多雙重否定與中文表達(dá)是樣的，表示肯定;如not unlimited就等于limited。但是值得讀者注意的是在GRE和GMAT 這兩種對(duì)考生的邏輯有苛刻要求的考試中，如果這種雙重否定中所涉及的概念不是 dichotomous(即二分法的詞匯，比如上面例子中的 limited 和 unlimited)，則雙重否定不一定表示肯定;比如本例中的not disprove, 不能理解為agree， 不反對(duì)者中，的確有人會(huì)同意，但通常心存疑慮，隨大流者居多。不但如此，大雙重否定中加上限定詞以后，在否定的范圍上也有所變化，如本句的be never rigidly disproved，沒有完全被反對(duì)，不能理解為從來都被嚴(yán)格支持的，而應(yīng)該理解成從來都可能有人支持的。綜上所述，對(duì)雙重否定的句子，簡單的把其置換為肯定，不是最精確的理解。而最好的辦法，就是通過多讀、多練來熟悉其語言表達(dá)及其邏輯方式，按照其字面的表達(dá)理解成沒有完全否定，然后大腦中反應(yīng)出其目前的生存狀態(tài)是一個(gè)仍未消失的狀態(tài);這種理解才是在考試現(xiàn)場既快速又精確的理解。運(yùn)用前面所說的用合理化原則中的取非讀法，可以很容易的讀出作者在后半個(gè)分句中想說前面的那種觀點(diǎn)被反對(duì)了。但是，初學(xué)者會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)分句中的something be abandoned in favor of something else這種語言表達(dá)感到突然，如果理解成因?yàn)橄埠笳叨鴴仐壛饲罢�，雖然也能說得通，但是其實(shí)原文從來沒有這種因果關(guān)系，in favor of強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這兩種動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性;拋棄了前者，而轉(zhuǎn)向后者， namely之后的內(nèi)容是前面的opposing view的同位語。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generallyabandoned in favor of the oppsing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throught the nervous system.
14. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size，number，arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. (4 -)
盡管其他實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的大小、數(shù)量、排列和相互連接上有一些小的差異，但是就心理-神經(jīng)的關(guān)系而言，這些感官區(qū)域彼此之間的明顯的相似性看起來比起微小的差異更為令人注目。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：在前后兩個(gè)分句之間有一個(gè)插入語as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned。在后面的分句中，主語the obvious similarities之后的、修飾主語的成分較長、以至于有很多讀者看到相隔很遠(yuǎn)的more remarkable than時(shí)一下子反應(yīng)
不過來是什么比后者更明顯。其簡化形式應(yīng)為：similarities seemed more remarkable than differences。意群訓(xùn)練：Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fileds to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.
15. Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis，at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. (4+)
雖然某些實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，隨著一個(gè)物體變得熟悉起來，其內(nèi)心再現(xiàn)圖像亦更具整體感，辨認(rèn)過程相應(yīng)地更趨于平行，但證據(jù)的砝碼似乎在支持序列假設(shè)(serial hypothesis)，至少是對(duì)于那些不甚簡單、不甚熟悉的物體來說。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略
解釋：在Although引導(dǎo)的分句中，謂語shows后面跟著一個(gè)長長的賓語從句，從句中先出現(xiàn)一個(gè)插入語as an object becomes familiar,之后的內(nèi)容是由and 連接的兩套并列的主謂賓。其實(shí)and前后就是兩個(gè)句子，只不過作者省略了后面的句子中與前面相同的引導(dǎo)詞that和謂語 become。句子中有一個(gè)生詞 holistic，其實(shí)即使不認(rèn)識(shí)，也能用合理化原則猜出它是后面 serial 的反義詞、parallel 的同義詞，大約是統(tǒng)一、完整或同時(shí)的意思;其實(shí)只要能理解到其是與serial相反的意思即可。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis，at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
16. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. (3+)
在很大程度上，由于女權(quán)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)(feminist movement)的緣故，史學(xué)家近年來匯聚了大量的注意力，來更為準(zhǔn)確地確定婦女在各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的地位。 Focus A on B;
難句類型：倒裝
解釋：focus A on B指把 A集中于B，本句中介詞on的賓語determining/more accurately the status of women invarious periods中有一個(gè)小倒裝，正常語序應(yīng)該是determining the status of women in various periods more accurately。
意群訓(xùn)練：In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.
17. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact –real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society . (4)
如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點(diǎn)就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對(duì)于這種社會(huì)的廟睡不是太多的被用來表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)”。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
解釋：有兩個(gè)詞匯需要先解釋一下：something be meant to represent 是use something to mean 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。mean在這里不是常用的"……的意思是"的意思，而是表示做某事所表達(dá)的目的、意圖，其英文釋義為：to serve or intend to convey,
show, or indicate。句中的結(jié)構(gòu)為： something be meant not so much to,,, but rather to, 實(shí)際是把be meant to和not rather 的兩個(gè)固定搭配套在一起，意思是：不是為了...而是為了...另外，suppose的意思很抽象，不容易理解。此詞既有據(jù)信、被認(rèn)為的意思，也有預(yù)期的意思，還有表示貶義的假想的被想當(dāng)然的意思。本句的supposed用法極其特殊，在此處的意思，用以上任何一個(gè)釋義來理解居然都可以成立，既是在說一個(gè)預(yù)期的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，又是在說一個(gè)虛構(gòu)出來的、本來不存在的社會(huì)狀態(tài)，其用法類似于中文中的一語雙關(guān)，是文章作者自以為文筆精妙之處。意群訓(xùn)練：If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions ofsuch societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact- real Amazonian societies- but rather to offer"moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society.
18. Thus， for instance， it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. (5)
因此，舉例來說，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無窮無盡的一整套量子場論方程式。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略
解釋：讀到此句時(shí)，數(shù)學(xué)家不見得震驚，暈倒的考生恐怕不在少數(shù)。不但句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且羅列了大量的專有名詞。對(duì)于不是理科的同學(xué)來講，在閱讀這篇文章的現(xiàn)場清楚地明白應(yīng)該讀到什么程度遠(yuǎn)比研究這些生僻的專有名詞更重要。其實(shí)是否知道薛定鄂方程對(duì)讀者來說并不見得重要，GRE 考試的出題者也不見得知道它;關(guān)鍵是要讀懂句子的主要意思;數(shù)學(xué)家不能理解不精確和近似值的偉大意義。不過在本書中，出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓(xùn)練為目的，所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。主句中的主語it是一個(gè)開工主語，其具體的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是從to learn開始一直到句子結(jié)束的長達(dá)八行的不定式，但是此不定式實(shí)在太長，如果放在句首則句子無法平衡。Learn 后面帶著兩個(gè)以 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，中間以分號(hào)和 and 分開，可以把分號(hào)以后的句子看成是and it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。
意群訓(xùn)練：Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematiians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.
19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (5+)
物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會(huì)失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)， 本假設(shè)(underlying assumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句在文章中就是一個(gè)自然段，雖然長度比不上前面第一章中所舉的那個(gè)長達(dá)10行的例子，但是難度絕不在那句話之下。本句堪稱句子的大雜燴，連主句帶從句居然一共有八個(gè)。從大往小說，由 whereas 連接了兩個(gè)大句子，whereas 后面的句子中的主語an augument之后又跟了一個(gè)定語從句that is convincing though imprecise， 修飾augument。whereas
前面共有六個(gè)句子，由the physicist作主語的主句;由since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise; since從句中的條件狀語從句if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,以及修飾此從句中的主語assumptions的定語從句on which it is based一共八個(gè)句子，從句套從句，實(shí)在令人嘆為觀止。然而，在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目，是只有呆子才會(huì)干的事，讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復(fù)閱讀這句話，什么時(shí)候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂，才算初步掌握;再進(jìn)一步把它讀順，直到你看不出這個(gè)句子有什么特別的地方，看上
去還挺舒服就算訓(xùn)練成功。
意群訓(xùn)練：The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
20. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. (4-)
起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識(shí)，而這種意識(shí)在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存，因?yàn)樗齻兠總�(gè)人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句讀到表示并列的連詞 and 開始變難。and 之后的不定式與前面的不定式是并列的，to 的前面省略了一個(gè)與前面一樣的謂語came。 lacking之后的分詞作定語修飾a sense of female solidarity其后的由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句又修飾逗號(hào)前面的salonnieres此從句中又有一個(gè)定語從句that each salonniere held in her own salon修飾其前的 primacy,但是由于引導(dǎo)詞that在從句中作賓語，因此被省略。
意群訓(xùn)練：However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestocking came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.
21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional
similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance， to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)
隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對(duì)昆蟲和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻，而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠，雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、省略
解釋：本句子的中間一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebratesocieties and less so with the structural differences容易令人看暈，其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由兩個(gè)and連接了三個(gè)部分，然而它們其實(shí)不是同一層次的并列，第一個(gè)and實(shí)際上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分，是并列的，而and之后的less so with其實(shí)是對(duì)于一個(gè)完整的表達(dá)方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式，去掉了與前面重復(fù)的成分。 后面修飾的structural differences的定語從句that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them中，又出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)別扭的插入語at first glance，把應(yīng)該連在一起的seem to 粗暴地分開，令人不熟悉此類難句的人倍感不適。
意群訓(xùn)練：As my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constiture such an immense gulf between them.
22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances ， its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological， and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀，但其作者則是以非意識(shí)形態(tài)的方式對(duì)這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的，而將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識(shí)形態(tài)的工具來探討，會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上來講，惟一的難度在于 and 之后的句子的主語 talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments ofideology太長，以至于看到謂語circumvent的時(shí)候已經(jīng)搞不清楚主謂了。更的難度恐怕還在于對(duì)兩個(gè)詞匯的理解 circumvent 和 enterprise。我們以前所背過的 circumvent 有兩個(gè)詞義，一個(gè)是規(guī)避，一是以計(jì)謀戰(zhàn)勝，但是這兩種意思放到此處都顯然不通;其實(shí) circumvent 有一個(gè)我們沒有背過的最常用的意思是包圍、限制或陷害;至于 enterprise 常用的意思是企業(yè)，這里的指事業(yè)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic? (3)
這究竟是一種缺陷呢，還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，抑或是試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系?
難句類型：插入語
解釋：本句的句子既短，意思也不難理解，但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強(qiáng)。意群訓(xùn)練：Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?
24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ?
(5)不僅如此，有些黑人小說(比如 JT 的甘蔗)的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義;這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢?這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：在本句中有三個(gè)詞需要先解釋一番：verge on這個(gè)詞組是接近于、瀕于的意思，hero在文學(xué)作品中是主人公的意思，pit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，除了挖坑、窖藏之外，還有使競爭、使斗爭的意思，其英文釋義為：to set as gamecocks into or as if into a pit to fight, to set into opposition or rivalry usually used with against.在此用的是后一種語義的被動(dòng)語態(tài)fate againt which Black heros are pitted.如果用主動(dòng)語態(tài)則是：pit black heros againt fate。另外本句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，分號(hào)之后是一個(gè)一般疑問句，但是由于修飾成分過多，過長，使得讀者看不清楚這個(gè)句子在問什么。其實(shí)如果沒有最后的那個(gè)prevalent theme的同位語a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression，本句會(huì)易懂得多。
意群訓(xùn)練：In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?
25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.
(4)注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A《黑人小說》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說，在此過程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜(James Weldon Johnson)的《一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。
難句類型：倒裝
解釋：在以bringing開頭的作狀語的分詞中出現(xiàn)了倒裝，bring A to B被倒裝為bring to B A,其倒裝的原因仍是為了避免頭重腳輕，正常的語序應(yīng)該如下：bringing some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man to our attention in the process.
意群訓(xùn)練：Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels， bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.
26. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)
雖然這些分子允許可見波長(visible wavelength)的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會(huì)吸收某些較長波長(longer-wavelength)，亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射(infrared emission)，這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會(huì)被重新輸送回太空。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：前面的分句中有一個(gè)不算很長的插入語，但是因?yàn)樗迦氲奈恢谜迷诠潭ù钆鋋llow something to do somthing中間，將allow 和to分得很遠(yuǎn)，所以讀起來讓人感覺很不舒服。后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的
同位語。其中的otherwise是副詞作狀語，表示如果后面的分句所說的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength, infrared emissions不發(fā)生時(shí)的后果。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.
27. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints—ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
這些人類學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進(jìn)化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細(xì)節(jié)，而是將各種限制強(qiáng)加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會(huì)“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動(dòng)方式。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略
解釋：盡管我們很熟悉the role of something的這種表達(dá)，但本句中the role of被作者勝利很活。首先，在role后面有一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句(因?yàn)閞ole 在從句中作ascribe的賓語)，這樣就把role 和系動(dòng)詞is隔得很遠(yuǎn)。其次，but前面的句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)The role is not of doing something其實(shí)是The role is not the role of doing something的省略形式，因?yàn)楹竺娴?the role 與前面的完全重復(fù)，如果不把它省略掉，誰看到都要覺得啰嗦。因?yàn)橥瑯拥牡览�，but 之后的 one of imposing constraints實(shí)際上是is one role of imposing constraints的省略形式。
意群訓(xùn)練：The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints— ways of feeling， thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture.
28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)
以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的“人類行為細(xì)節(jié)”相對(duì)“人類所受限制”之間的差異，從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個(gè)合適的類比?
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋：本句子在所有 GRE 或 GMAT 閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，而且用詞抽象，使得讀者 如果想根據(jù)語義來搞清楚誰修飾誰，也變得極為困難。分析如下：本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy
for the details versus constraints distinction?. Versus是一個(gè)介詞，等于against，即體育比賽的VS。其他的所有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個(gè)對(duì)答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology， 說明這種類比的比較雙方所比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。
意群訓(xùn)練：Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒能證明——食草動(dòng)物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
難句類型：插入語
解釋：本句主語很長，而且謂語suggested與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句間插入語but did not prove隔開，造成閱讀障礙。當(dāng)
suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時(shí)候，其意思不是建議，而是指一種基于主觀臆測的推理，中文翻譯成“暗示”。其英文釋義為：to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中，常用suggest，but do not prove來描述一種沒有真憑實(shí)據(jù)、可能有問題的理論，然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。
意群訓(xùn)練：A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers had removed most of the algae.
30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
(5)可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語令人吃驚地長，在最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后的led以前，全是主語!其實(shí)句子的主干簡單，就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。但是本句的主語the fact后面的修飾成分長得嚇人，先是個(gè)定語從句;定語從句中又套了一個(gè)定語從句。然后逗號(hào)后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語的同位語兼任插入語，practice后面
的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語從句套著定語從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. (5)
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進(jìn)行的研究，對(duì)自然條件下的群落捕食速率進(jìn)行了估計(jì)，其手段是通過測量出實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)單獨(dú)的浮游動(dòng)物種類的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草動(dòng)物種群密度，計(jì)算出實(shí)地狀況下的群落捕食速率。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾
解釋：本句對(duì)閱讀者的句子的復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，而且對(duì)讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。 By以前結(jié)構(gòu)無需解釋，by以后有兩個(gè)作介詞賓語短語的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing，說的是計(jì)算方法;前一個(gè)measuring說的是先算出實(shí)驗(yàn)室中浮游動(dòng)物品種的單位捕食速率，后面的computing
前其實(shí)省略了一個(gè)by，而且在這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還包括一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)using the known population density of grazers，用已知的捕食者的種群密度計(jì)算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個(gè)的by以后的計(jì)算過程簡單了就是：實(shí)驗(yàn)室單位速率×野外密度=野外群體速率.另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒有太難的單詞，但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞，容易讓人讀混;(斜線分隔同義詞，冒號(hào)分隔反義詞) estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individual
意群訓(xùn)練：Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing ratesfor field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
32. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer，Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. (3+)
在浮游動(dòng)物數(shù)量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，對(duì)于營養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.
難句類型：插入語
解釋：句中有兩組插入語，每組兩個(gè)插入語，尤其是第二組，把rate of從中間劈開。不過因?yàn)榫淞x尚好理解，所以本句只是有一點(diǎn)別扭，但不算太難。
意群訓(xùn)練： In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance， that is， in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
英語句子翻譯練習(xí) 篇2
1. 據(jù)估計(jì)， 這次地震所造成的損害遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過人們的想象。
It is estimated that the damage caused by the earthquake is far beyond imagination.
2. 盡管人們似乎總是與悲劇中的主人公產(chǎn)生共鳴，很少有人真的會(huì)施與援手。
Despite the fact that people seem to identify with the main character in a tragedy, few people will really offer their help.
3. 政府決定禁止廣告商征用兒童演員，因?yàn)檫@樣做會(huì)對(duì)兒童的成長產(chǎn)生消極影響。
The government decided to ban/put a ban on advertisers from using child actors because it will have a negative effect/influence/impact on children.
4. 參賽者答對(duì)的題目數(shù)量越多，他所贏得的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)越高。
The more questions the contestant answer, the higher prize he will win.
5. 科學(xué)家們?cè)诳茖W(xué)領(lǐng)域獲得的成就越多，先進(jìn)技術(shù)的運(yùn)用就越廣泛。(the more… the more…)
The more achievements scientists make in the field of science, the more widely advanced technology will be used.
6. 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)今的情況而指責(zé)政府沒有任何意義，除非能夠立刻采取行動(dòng)阻止環(huán)境進(jìn)一步被污染。
There is no point in blaming the government for the present situation， unless immediate action can be taken to prevent the environment from further pollution.
7. 大城市的犯罪率正在上升，每天平均有5起搶劫案。
Crime in big cities is on the increase/increasing, with 5 robberies every day on average. ……, with an average of 5 robberies every day.
8. The key to balancing expenses against income is to budget /make a budget of all your spendings. 保持收支平衡的一大關(guān)鍵是為你所有的開銷做預(yù)算。
9. 在高考中遇到難題，冷靜和自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。(face)
When you face/are faced with difficult problems in the college entrance examinations, being calm and confident is the key to success.
10. 說實(shí)話，我真后悔沒有幫助他克服英語學(xué)習(xí)方面的困難。 (regret)
To tell the truth, I really regret not helping him overcome difficulties in English learning.
11. 這本書太振奮人心了，很值得一讀，因此我毫不猶豫地買下了它.(worth)
This book is so inspiring that it is well worth reading, so I bought it without hesitation.
12. 遵照標(biāo)簽上的說明，你就會(huì)知道怎樣服這藥了。(and)
Follow the direction on the label, and you will know how to take this medicine.
13. 與會(huì)者來自各行各業(yè)，但他們對(duì)教育的重要性問題的看法卻是一致的。(Although) Although the people attending/at the meeting come from all walks of life, they share a common opinion/view on the importance of education.
14. 他猶豫了好久才決定去美國留學(xué)。(before)
He hesitated for a long time before he made the decision to further his study in America.
15. 你最好乘地鐵去機(jī)場，不然就要錯(cuò)過航班了。(or)
You had better go to the airport by underground, or you'll miss the flight.
16. 令他激動(dòng)的是，他實(shí)現(xiàn)了成為2010上海世博會(huì)志愿者的夢(mèng)想。(realize)
To his excitement, he realized his dream of becoming/being a volunteer for the 2010 World
Expo in Shanghai.
17. 愛因斯坦被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最偉大的思想家之一。 (consider)
Einstein was considered (to be/as) one of the greatest thinkers of the century.
18. 意料之外的壞天氣給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來了巨大的損失，使成千上萬的人流離失所.(cause) The unexpected bad weather did great damage to the place, causing / which caused thousands of people homeless.
19. 在你的建議中沒考慮老人們的特殊需要。 (consideration)
In your proposal you haven’t taken into consideration the special needs of the old people.
20. 即使智力一般的學(xué)生也可以通過改進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣而成為優(yōu)等生。(average)
Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their learning habits.
21. 在我看來，在這樣惡劣的天氣里沒有什么比呆在家里更舒服的了。(seem)
It seems to me that nothing is more comfortable than staying at home in such a bad weather.
22. 他花了一個(gè)下午與當(dāng)?shù)厝似凡枇奶臁?spend)
He spent the whole afternoon drinking tea and chatting with the local people.
23. 只有實(shí)話實(shí)說，你才能取得別人的諒解。(Only...)
Only by telling the truth can you be forgiven by others.
24. 人們發(fā)脾氣的原因之一是期望與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間存在差距。(exist)
One of the reasons why people lose their temper is that there exists a gap between their expectation and the reality.
25. 我們的健康得益于每日的運(yùn)動(dòng)和均衡的飲食。(benefit)
Our health benefits from daily exercises and a balanced diet.
26. 我忘了通知他這么重要的決定，這是我的錯(cuò)。(inform)
I forgot to inform him of such an important decision, which is my fault.
27. 直到患了重病，他才下決心馬上戒煙。(suffer)
He did not make up his mind to give up smoking at once until he suffered from a serous disease.
28. 中國政府強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)美國向臺(tái)灣出售先進(jìn)的武器。(against)
The Chinese government are strongly against the United States' selling advanced weapons to Taiwan.
29. 在日木幾乎每個(gè)人都知道在地震發(fā)生時(shí)該怎么辦。(occur)
In Japan nearly everybody knows what to do when an earthquake occurs .
30. 他們決定組織一次演出來為失學(xué)兒童籌款。(raise)
They decided to organize a performance to raise/collect money for the children who could not afford to go to school.
31. 與班級(jí)里其他同學(xué)相比，他在工作方面更有責(zé)任感。(compare)
Compared with the other students in the class, he has a stronger sense of responsibility in work.
32. 我認(rèn)為能否實(shí)現(xiàn)理想主要靠努力而不是機(jī)遇。(not…but)
I think whether we can realize our dreams mainly depends not on opportunities but on our effort.
33. 在暑假期間，我們學(xué)校的許多學(xué)生志愿去幫助孤寡老人。(volunteer)
During the summer holidays, many of the students of our school volunteered to help the old people who live alone.
34. 一個(gè)遇到困難就退縮的人是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功的。
A person who will give up when meeting with difficulties will never succeed.
35. 第一次坐飛機(jī)時(shí)，飛機(jī)起降時(shí)感到不舒服是很正常的。
When you take a plane for the first time, it is normal for you to feel uncomfortable while the plane is taking off or landing.
36. 世界各地舉行了各種儀式來慶祝二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束60周年。(hold)
Mary ceremonies were held to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the end of the Second World War.
37. 在日常生活中，我們不要與經(jīng)常言而無信的人交朋友。(fail)
In our daily life, we mustn't make friends with those who often fail to keep their promises.
38. 老師鼓勵(lì)我們盡可能多找出兒種方法來解這道數(shù)學(xué)題。(work out)
The teacher encouraged us to find out as many ways as possible to work out this maths problem.
39. 如果你有留學(xué)的打算，就要盡可能早些做好準(zhǔn)備。
If you have an intention to study abroad, you should make preparations/prepare for it as early as you can.
40. 每個(gè)人應(yīng)該明白，當(dāng)你得到某些東西的時(shí)候，也在失去某些東西。(aware)
Everybody should be aware that you are losing something while you get something.
41. 老實(shí)說，我不相信那些聲稱能治愈一切疾病的私立醫(yī)院。(claim)
To tell you the truth, I don't believe in the private hospitals which claim to be able to cure any disease.
42. 科學(xué)家們一直在尋找新的能源來代替石油。(replace)
The scientists have been trying to find some new resources of energy to replace oil.
43. 他猶豫了好兒天，才下決心買下那套房子。(before)
He hesitated for several days before he made up his mind to buy that house.
44. 我懷疑這種在電視里做廣告的減肥藥是否真正有效。(advertise)
I doubt whether the medicine for losing weight which has been advertised on TV is really effective.
45. 社會(huì)上許多熱心腸的人對(duì)那位病重的孩子伸出了援助之手。
Many warm-hearted people in the society lent a hand to the child who was seriously ill.
46. 這條河流受到嚴(yán)重污染的原因是那家化工廠大量排放廢水。(pour)
The reason why the river is badly polluted is that the chemical factory has poured a great deal of waste water into it.
47. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，中國在國際事務(wù)中起了越來越大的作用。(role)
With the rapid development of economy, China is playing a greater role in international affairs.
48. 在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的過程中，我們必須要注意保持生態(tài)平衡。(course)
In the course of the economic development, we must pay attention to keeping the balance of nature.
49. 在西方國家，有心理問題去咨詢心理醫(yī)生是很普遍的。(consult)
In western countries, it is quite common for a person to consult a psychologist if / when he has some psychological problems.
50. 隨著人口飛速地增長，水資源的缺乏成了一個(gè)大問題。(lack)
With the rapid increase in population, the lack of water resources becomes / is becoming a big problem.
51. 來自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生不必感到比大城市的學(xué)生低一等。(inferior)
The students from the countryside needn't feel inferior to those from big cities.
52. 今天天氣特別冷，要多穿一些衣服，以免著涼。(in case)
It is terribly cold today and you should put on more clothes in case you might catch cold.
53. 學(xué)生們?cè)跓崃矣懻撌欠皴X越多越幸福。(discussion)
The students are having a heated discussion about whether the more money you have, the happier you will be.
54. 他從小養(yǎng)成了隨手關(guān)燈的良好習(xí)慣。(develop)
In his childhood, he developed a good habit of turning off the light when he left the room.
55. 許多年輕人畢業(yè)后不工作，而依靠父母生活，這是多么可悲啊。(live on)
How sad it is that many youngsters don't go to work after graduation, but live on their parents.
56. 社會(huì)應(yīng)該為每個(gè)人提供公平的競爭機(jī)會(huì)。(provide)
Society should provide everybody with a fair opportunity in competition.
57. 面對(duì)新的`挑戰(zhàn)，他始終充滿信心。(be full of)
Facing some new challenges, he is always full of confidence.
58. 在國外是否要付小費(fèi)和討價(jià)還價(jià)要人鄉(xiāng)隨俗。(bargain)
Whether you should pay tips or whether you can bargain abroad, you must do as the Romans do.
59. 毫無疑問每個(gè)人有選擇自己生活方式的權(quán)利。(choose)
There is no doubt that everybody has a right to choose his own way of living / life.
60. 我父親打算退休后到離上海100公里的農(nóng)村去生活。(intend)
My father intends to live in the countryside 100 kilometers from Shanghai when he retires.
61.據(jù)說英語的客觀考試是20世紀(jì)70年代引人中國的。(introduce)
It is said that the English objective test was introduced into China in the 1970s.
62. 相對(duì)來說年輕人更容易接受新事物。(tend)
Relatively speaking, young people tend to accept new things / something new.
63. 愛一個(gè)孩子并不意味著要滿足他的一切要求。(satisfy)
Loving a child doesn't mean you should satisfy all his requirements.
64. 那些過多地注意榮譽(yù)和金錢的科學(xué)家不可能獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。(possibility)
There is little possibility that the scientists who pay too much attention to honor and money will be awarded the Nobel Prize.
65. 石油價(jià)格的上升造成了一系列的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。(cause)
The rising in oil prices has caused a series of economic problems.
66. 努力工作，享受生活才是積極的人生態(tài)度。(It is… that)
It is working hard and enjoying life that are the positive attitudes / is the positive attitude to life.
67. 直到他長大成人后才真正體會(huì)到父親對(duì)他的愛。(Only)
Only when he grew up did he really realize his father's love for him.
68. 在許多發(fā)達(dá)國家，自行車僅僅用于運(yùn)動(dòng)而不是交通工具。(instead of)
In many developed countries, bikes are only used for sports instead of a means of transportation.
69. 電視里有關(guān)那個(gè)家庭的報(bào)道引起了社會(huì)對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的關(guān)心。(concern)
The report about that family on TV has caused the concern of the society about the weak group.
70. 父母在整天忙于工作的時(shí)候，不要忽視孩子的成長。(engage)
While parents are engaged in work all day, they shouldn't neglect their children's growth.
71. 英語考試的真正目的是檢測學(xué)生是否有運(yùn)用英語的能力。(ability)
The real purpose of the English exams is to test whether the students have ability to use English.
72. 他這次考試失敗使他意識(shí)到定期復(fù)習(xí)功課是多么重要。(aware)
He failed in the exam, which make him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly .
73. 豐富的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)使他能勝任這個(gè)崗位。(qualify)
Rich working experience qualified him for the post.
74. 各校都已采取了措施，將流感患者與其他人隔離開來。(infect)
Every school has taken measures to separate those infected with flu from others.
75. 盡管訓(xùn)練要求高，挑戰(zhàn)大，但我們相信只要堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，終將夢(mèng)想成真。(come true) Although the training is demanding and challenging, we believe that as long as we keep practising, our dream will eventually come true.
76.不要害怕思考，因?yàn)樗伎伎偰茏屓擞兴找妗?benefit)
Never fear to think because we will benefit from thinking.
77. 與B1食堂相比，A1食堂的菜味道更好。(compare)
Compared with Dining Hall BI, Al provides dishes that taste better.
78. 從圖表我們能得出結(jié)論，世界人口正急劇增。(conclusion)
From the chart we can come to the conclusion that the world population is increasing rapidly.
79. 選擇我們的數(shù)碼相機(jī)，它會(huì)滿足你所有的要求。(and)
Choose our digital camera, and it will meet all your needs.
80. 為了迎接世博會(huì)(World Expo) 到來，政府號(hào)召大家積極參與，得到了市民的迅速回應(yīng)。(response)
In order to welcome the World Expo, the government calls on people to get involved, which receives a quick response from the citizens.
81. 那個(gè)偏僻的山村至今尚不通車。 (inaccessible)
To this day that remote mountain village is still inaccessible to vehicles.
82. 盡管天氣不好，但運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還是按計(jì)劃舉行了。(despite)
Despite the bad weather, the sports meet was held as planned.
83. 他站在窗旁沉思良久。(lose)
Standing by the window, he was lost in thought for quite some time/for a long time.
84. 他的演講給觀眾們留下了如此深刻的印象以至他們難以忘記。(impression)
His speech left such a deep impression on the audience that they couldn't forget it.
85. 政府號(hào)召民眾為地震災(zāi)民捐助衣服和食物。(call)
The government called on people to donate food and clothing to the victims of the earthquake.
86. 學(xué)好語言的關(guān)鍵之一是孰能生巧。(keys)
The key to learn a language well is that practice makes perfect.
87. 盡管他身體虛弱，他已決定堅(jiān)守崗位。(despite)
Despite his poor health, he has decided to stick to his post.
88. 一旦你下定決心，不管遇到什么困難都不要半途而廢。(no matter)
Once you made up your mind, you shouldn't give up in the halfway, no matter what difficulties you meet.
89. 為了供養(yǎng)一個(gè)大家庭，我無法做到三星期不工作。(afford)
In order to support a big family, I can't afford three weeks away from work.
90. 游客們一進(jìn)入村子，就受到村民們的熱烈歡迎。(the moment)
The tourists received a warm welcome from the villagers the moment they entered the village.
91. 每天不論多忙多累，我—定撥些時(shí)間來進(jìn)行閱讀。(set)
I set aside time to read everyday no matter how busy or tired I am.
92. 他們是在慎重考慮之后才做出這樣的決定的。(it......)
It is under careful consideration that they made the decision.
93. 飲食中缺乏足夠的蛋白質(zhì)和維生素是你生病的主要原因。(lack of)
The lack of enough protein and vitamins in the diet is the main cause of your illness.
94. 拯救溺水兒童使他付出了生命。(cost)
Saving the drowning child cost him his life./It cost him his life to save the drowning child.
95. 他不顧自己剛病愈的事實(shí)，又全心投入到隧道的建設(shè)中。 (in spite of, recover, devoted) In spite of the fact that he had just recovered from illness, he devoted himself to the construction of the tunnel.
96. 不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。(saying)
It goes without saying that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
97. 我們每個(gè)人都在不遺余力地為即將來臨的高考做準(zhǔn)備。(spare)
Every one of us is sparing no effort to get prepared for the coming College Entrance Examination .
98. 如果我們不能跟上時(shí)代的進(jìn)步，就會(huì)落后。(keep)
If we can't keep up with the advance of the times, we will fall behind.
99. 在農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)期間，他養(yǎng)成了寫日記的習(xí)慣。(develop)
While he was working in the country, he developed the habit of writing diaries.
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