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初中英語的基礎語法

時間:2024-10-20 11:41:07 基礎英語 我要投稿

初中英語的基礎語法

  一、介詞

初中英語的基礎語法

 �。ㄒ唬�表示時間的介詞

 �。�1)at

 �、俳泳唧w時間:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve

  ②表示“在…時刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight

 �。�2)in

  ①表示“在(某段時間段)之間”;

  eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005

 �、谠趯頃r中,表示“在某段時間之后”

  eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.

 �。�3)on

  表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等,初中英語基礎語法6-介詞。

  eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th

  (二)固定搭配的介詞

 �。�1)動詞+介詞:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On

 �。�2)介詞十名詞:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,

  in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure

  (3)be+形容詞+介詞:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for

  二、連詞(conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句)

  (1)并列連詞(用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)

  ①表并列關系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and

 �、诒磉x擇關系:or,either……or

 �、郾磙D折關系:but,while

 �、鼙硪蚬P系:for,so

 �。�2)從屬連詞(用來引導從句)

  ①引導時間狀語從句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as

 �、谝龑г驙钫Z從句:because,as,since

 �、垡龑康臓钫Z從句:so that,in order that

 �、芤龑ЫY果狀語從句:so that,so…that,such……that

 �、菀龑П容^狀語從句:than,as…as

  ⑥引導賓語從句:that,if, whether

  三、動詞(verb.)動詞表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)

 �。ㄒ唬�動詞的種類。

  (1)及物動詞vt,其后接賓語。

  eg.She wears a uniform.

  (2)不及物動詞vi,不接賓語。

  eg :She can dance.

 �。�3)連系動詞like-v.接表語。

  eg.They are nurses.

  That sounds interesting.

  His mother looks young.

  If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.

 �。�4)助動詞aux——V.接動詞原形或分詞(它無實在意思,只起語法作用)。

  eg, DO you like pandas?

  He has gone to Australia.

  She is looking at the cat.

 �。�5)情態(tài)動詞mod-v.接動詞原形(它不能單獨作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)。

  Eg. He must go now.

  You should clean the classroom after class.

 �。�6)有些動詞既可作及物動詞,也可作助動詞或不及物動詞,be也可作助動詞。

  eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)

  Do as you like.(Vi.)

  She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)

  She is swimming now.(aux-v.)

 �。ǘ�情態(tài)動詞的用法

  [1]can,could,may的用法

  l .can/could

 �。�1)表示具有某種能力,意為“能、能夠、會”(could表過去),英語語法《初中英語基礎語法6-介詞》。

  eg.I can sing English songs.

  Lisa can’t speak Japanese.

  She could swim when she was four years old.

  (2)表示許:可、允許,意為“可以”。

  eg.Can we watch TV now?

  You can’t play computer games in the morning.

 �。�3)表示請求某人做某事,意為“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。

  eg.Can/Could you help me,please?

 �。�4)表示推測“可能”,多用于否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測可用must,might,could等)

  cg.it can’t be true.這不可能是真的。

  Where can he have gone?他可能會去哪兒呢?

  2.may/might

 �。�1)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”,比can更正式。

  eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?

  May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個問題嗎?

  (2)表示推測“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑問句。

  eg.He may be at home now.他可能現(xiàn)在在家。

  She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。

  [2]can與be able to的區(qū)別

  1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。

  eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.

  2.can只有現(xiàn)在時(Can)和過去時(could),而be able to可用于多種時態(tài)。

  eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.

  He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.

  3.can可以表示推測,但be able to不能。

  eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.

  4.can與be able to;不能重復使用

  eg.他能做好這件事。

  He can be able to do is well.(X)

  He can do it well.(√)

  He is able to do it well.(√)

 �。ㄈ�must與have to的區(qū)別

  1.主客觀方面不同。

  must表“義務”或“強制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測,語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。

  eg.We must clean the room.(表示我們認為房間太臟了。)

  We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)

  He must beat home before supper.(他晚飯前一定在家。)

  2.人稱和時態(tài)不同。

  must無人稱和時態(tài)的變化,一律用must十動詞原形。have to后接動詞原形,有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化,一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)要用has to,過去時中要用had to,將來時中要用will have to.另外,have to還可與,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞連用。

  eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.

  The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train.

  3.否定式及意義不同。

  must not=mustn’t“決不可/千萬不可/務必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”

  eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。

  We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。

  在對May I…? 作否定回答時用No, you mustn’t/can’t.

  eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t

  4.疑問式及回答不同。

  Must+主語+動詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./NO,主語+needn’t.

  助動詞+主語+have to+動詞原形+…?

  Yes,主語+助動詞。/No,主語+助動詞+not.

  eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t

  Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.

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初中英語的基礎語法

  一、介詞

初中英語的基礎語法

 �。ㄒ唬�表示時間的介詞

 �。�1)at

 �、俳泳唧w時間:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve

  ②表示“在…時刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight

 �。�2)in

  ①表示“在(某段時間段)之間”;

  eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005

 �、谠趯頃r中,表示“在某段時間之后”

  eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.

 �。�3)on

  表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等,初中英語基礎語法6-介詞。

  eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th

  (二)固定搭配的介詞

 �。�1)動詞+介詞:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On

 �。�2)介詞十名詞:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,

  in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure

  (3)be+形容詞+介詞:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for

  二、連詞(conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句)

  (1)并列連詞(用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)

  ①表并列關系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and

 �、诒磉x擇關系:or,either……or

 �、郾磙D折關系:but,while

 �、鼙硪蚬P系:for,so

 �。�2)從屬連詞(用來引導從句)

  ①引導時間狀語從句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as

 �、谝龑г驙钫Z從句:because,as,since

 �、垡龑康臓钫Z從句:so that,in order that

 �、芤龑ЫY果狀語從句:so that,so…that,such……that

 �、菀龑П容^狀語從句:than,as…as

  ⑥引導賓語從句:that,if, whether

  三、動詞(verb.)動詞表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)

 �。ㄒ唬�動詞的種類。

  (1)及物動詞vt,其后接賓語。

  eg.She wears a uniform.

  (2)不及物動詞vi,不接賓語。

  eg :She can dance.

 �。�3)連系動詞like-v.接表語。

  eg.They are nurses.

  That sounds interesting.

  His mother looks young.

  If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.

 �。�4)助動詞aux——V.接動詞原形或分詞(它無實在意思,只起語法作用)。

  eg, DO you like pandas?

  He has gone to Australia.

  She is looking at the cat.

 �。�5)情態(tài)動詞mod-v.接動詞原形(它不能單獨作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)。

  Eg. He must go now.

  You should clean the classroom after class.

 �。�6)有些動詞既可作及物動詞,也可作助動詞或不及物動詞,be也可作助動詞。

  eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)

  Do as you like.(Vi.)

  She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)

  She is swimming now.(aux-v.)

 �。ǘ�情態(tài)動詞的用法

  [1]can,could,may的用法

  l .can/could

 �。�1)表示具有某種能力,意為“能、能夠、會”(could表過去),英語語法《初中英語基礎語法6-介詞》。

  eg.I can sing English songs.

  Lisa can’t speak Japanese.

  She could swim when she was four years old.

  (2)表示許:可、允許,意為“可以”。

  eg.Can we watch TV now?

  You can’t play computer games in the morning.

 �。�3)表示請求某人做某事,意為“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。

  eg.Can/Could you help me,please?

 �。�4)表示推測“可能”,多用于否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測可用must,might,could等)

  cg.it can’t be true.這不可能是真的。

  Where can he have gone?他可能會去哪兒呢?

  2.may/might

 �。�1)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”,比can更正式。

  eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?

  May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個問題嗎?

  (2)表示推測“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑問句。

  eg.He may be at home now.他可能現(xiàn)在在家。

  She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。

  [2]can與be able to的區(qū)別

  1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。

  eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.

  2.can只有現(xiàn)在時(Can)和過去時(could),而be able to可用于多種時態(tài)。

  eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.

  He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.

  3.can可以表示推測,但be able to不能。

  eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.

  4.can與be able to;不能重復使用

  eg.他能做好這件事。

  He can be able to do is well.(X)

  He can do it well.(√)

  He is able to do it well.(√)

 �。ㄈ�must與have to的區(qū)別

  1.主客觀方面不同。

  must表“義務”或“強制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測,語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。

  eg.We must clean the room.(表示我們認為房間太臟了。)

  We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)

  He must beat home before supper.(他晚飯前一定在家。)

  2.人稱和時態(tài)不同。

  must無人稱和時態(tài)的變化,一律用must十動詞原形。have to后接動詞原形,有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化,一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)要用has to,過去時中要用had to,將來時中要用will have to.另外,have to還可與,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞連用。

  eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.

  The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train.

  3.否定式及意義不同。

  must not=mustn’t“決不可/千萬不可/務必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”

  eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。

  We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。

  在對May I…? 作否定回答時用No, you mustn’t/can’t.

  eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t

  4.疑問式及回答不同。

  Must+主語+動詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./NO,主語+needn’t.

  助動詞+主語+have to+動詞原形+…?

  Yes,主語+助動詞。/No,主語+助動詞+not.

  eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t

  Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.