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定語從句用法解析
在復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句 ， 被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞 ， 引導定語從句的有關系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that等和關系副詞where, when, why等，關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成份。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家定語從句的用法，歡迎參考!
定語從句用法解析
1.由who引導的定語從句中 ， who用作主語 ， 如 ： This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導的定語從句中，whom用作賓語，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導的定語從句中 ， whose用作定語 ， 如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導的定語從句中，which用作主語或謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語，如：
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意 ：
(1)whom, which用作介詞賓語時 ， 介詞可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在從句原來的位置上;但在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放在原來的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引導非限制性定語從句時，必須用關系代詞which，不用that,如：I have lost
my bag, which I like very much.
(3)關系代詞在句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。
5.由that引導的定語從句中，that可以指人或物，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.?
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用 that引導定語從句。
(1)先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 ：
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾 ， 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行詞既有人又有物時，如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)當句中已有who時 ， 為避免重復 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the class?
6.由when, where, why引導的定語從句，如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意：先行詞是表示地點時，如果從句的謂語動詞是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的，就用where引導。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1)限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，這些關系代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明 ， 沒有這種從句 ， 不影響主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗號把主句和從句分開 ， 關系代詞用 which,不用that;指人時可用who,如 ： I have two brothers, who are both students.
8.如何簡化定語從句
(1).定語從句簡化為形容詞或形容詞短語作后置定語。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠的一個村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading. 這是一本值得看的書。
(2) 定語從句簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語作前置或后置定語。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在樹下面的那個人是我們的英語老師。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
當時我看到那房子在燃燒。
(3)定語從句簡化為過去分詞短語作后置定語。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜歡看張藝謀導演的電影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校會上受表彰的那個女孩。
(4)定語從句簡化為不定式作后置定語。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的報告對我們很重要。
(5)定語從句簡化為what 從句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我記不得他說的話。
【典型例題解析】
例 1 The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.
A. which B. what C. that D. as
解析 先行詞 book被序數(shù)詞修飾時要用that引導定語從句，故選C。
例 2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.
A. when B. in which C. that D. for which
解析 本題指時間，故選 A。
例 3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.
A. you need B. what you need
C. which you need it D. that you need it
解析 B、C、D中的what和it與先行The book相抵觸 ， 故選 A。
例 4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
解析 本題指地點，故選 C。
例 5 I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
解析 本題中 who用作主語，謂語動詞與先行詞the boys保持一致，故選B。
【選講例題】
例 6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.
A. whom B. that C. which D. who is
解析 非限制性定語從句中 ， 關系代詞用 which,不用that,但指人時用who或whom.故選A。
例 7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.
A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose
解析 whose引導的定語從句中,whose用作定語，故選D。
定語從句的用法講解
[定語從句的種類]
定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是句子不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意義；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉也不會影響主句的意思。它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，一般不用that引導，關系詞不可省略。如：
This is the book that I want to read. （限制性）
Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （非限制性）
非限制性定語從句的先行詞成分可以是整個主句，非限制性定語從句常用which引導，修飾整個句子。定語從句的謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：
The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.
關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所指代的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
在定語從句中，who和that既可作主語又可作賓語，whom只可作賓語（作賓語時可以省略）。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ （who/that在從句中作主語）
The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在從句中作賓語，可省略）
[whose]
在定語從句中作定語，可用來指人或物，表示物時相當于“the+名詞+of+which”或“of+which+the+名詞”。如：John， whose wife is ill， can’t come to the party.
[which & that]
which和that指代的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在定語從句中可作主語、賓語等。如：
Please show me the radio that/which you have just bought. （that/which在從句中作賓語，可省略）
This is the film that/which created a great sensation. （that/which在從句中作主語）
只能用that而不能用which的情況：
1. 先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.
2. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
3. 當先行詞是anything， everything， nothing， something， few， all， none， little， some等不定代詞時，或是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等詞修飾時。如：Tom told his father all that had happened.
There is little that I can do for you.
4. 先行詞既有人又有物時。如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.
5. 先行詞被the only，the very，the right等修飾時。如：This is the very book that I want to have.
6. 在which，who，whom引起的問句中，為避免重復。如：Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday？
7. 關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如：China is not the country that it was.
只能用which，不能用that的情況：
1. 在非限制性定語從句中。如：Beijing， which is the capital of China， has a very long histroy.
2. 在介詞后面，即“介詞+which（指物）”。如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago.
[as]
關系代詞as代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞， 在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。
as引導限制性定語從句時，常和such， the same， as（so）連用， 構成such ... as， the same ... as， as/so ... as等結構，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語。如：
Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. （在定語從句中作主語）
I have the same trouble as you have. （在定語從句作賓語）
It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. （在定語從句作賓語）
但是當先行詞被the same修飾時，that也可以引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。the same ... as（指同樣或同類的）， the same ... that（指同一個）。例如：
This is the same watch as I lost.
This is the same watch that I lost.
as也可單獨使用，引導非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句或主句中的一部分，放在句首、句中或句末。如：
As is known to us all， smoking is harmful to one’s health. （指代整個主句，在從句中做主語）
He is late， as is often the case. （指代整個主句，在從句中做主語）
Light， as everybody knows， travels much faster than sound. （指代整個主句，在從句中做賓語）
as和which作關系代詞的用法比較：
which引導的非限定性定語從句只能放在主句之后，which指代前面的一個句子或主句中的某一成分；as引導的非限定性定語從句能放在主句之前、中、后，既可指前面已經(jīng)提到的情況，也可指后面提到的情況。
as引導從句時，有“為人所熟知”的含義，which則沒有這層意思。as引導的從句往往表示的是一種附加說明，which引導的從句一般是較為重要的陳述。如：
His mother is ill， which makes him very sad.
As is expected， the England team won the football match.
[關系副詞引導的定語從句]
關系副詞when， where， why可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語， 相當于“介詞+which”結構。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked in the factory.
This is the village where /in which he was born.
I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today.
[判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞]
關系代詞與關系副詞的選用，應看先行詞在定語從句中充當什么成分：若作主語、賓語或定語，則用關系代詞who，whom，that，which，whose，as等；若作狀語， 就用where， when， why等關系副詞。如：
The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. （狀語）
The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. （賓語）
Pisa is a city， which has a leaning tower. （主語）
Pisa is a city， where there is a leaning tower. （狀語）
[介詞+關系代詞]
當關系代詞作介詞賓語時，就出現(xiàn)了“介詞+關系代詞”的結構引導定語從句的現(xiàn)象。當先行詞指物時用“介詞+which”，指人時用“介詞+whom”，且關系代詞不能省略。而這種結構中較難解決的問題是介詞的選擇問題：
1. 介詞的確定可以根據(jù)整個句意來確定。
Oxygen is a kind of gas， without which we couldn’t live.
2. 介詞可以根據(jù)與先行詞的搭配來確定。
He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. （動詞與介詞搭配）
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. （名詞與介詞搭配）
The snake， of which she used to be afraid， is her favorite animal now. （形容詞與介詞搭配）
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