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分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)詳解
想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)怎么能不知道分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
某些分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由介詞with或without引出，形式是：
with(或without)+名詞+分詞
這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語(yǔ)中稱為“分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”。它在句中可作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，在科技文章中這種結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常用來(lái)作為補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
(1)The sun is a huge ball of gas, with the linear diameter of its “apparent disk” being 864,000 miles. 太陽(yáng)是一個(gè)巨大的球狀氣團(tuán)，它那“明亮的圓盤(pán)”的直徑為864，000英里。(作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明ball)。
(2)The density of air varies directly as pressure, with temperature being constant. 若溫度不變，則空氣密度的變化與壓力乘正比。
(3)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible. 麥克斯維爾指出，即使看不見(jiàn)物體內(nèi)部德分子運(yùn)動(dòng)，物體也可能是熱的。(讓步)
(4)If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever, coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line. 正在運(yùn)動(dòng)的某一物體，如果沒(méi)有受到任何外力的出動(dòng)，它將永遠(yuǎn)繼續(xù)作勻速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。(條件)
(5)Ice, of relative density 0.9, floats in water with nine-tenth submerged. 冰的比重為0.9， 它浮在水面上時(shí)，10分之9淹沒(méi)在水里。(方式方法)
(6)An atom of oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus, with 8 electrons circling about that nucleus. 一個(gè)氧原子在其原子核內(nèi)有八個(gè)質(zhì)子和八個(gè)中子，還有八個(gè)電子繞著原子核旋轉(zhuǎn)。(附加說(shuō)明)
分詞及分詞短語(yǔ)用法之練習(xí)部分：
(1)On the principle of the conservation of energy, the heat lost must be equal to the heat gained. 根據(jù)能量守恒定律，損失的熱量必然等于所得到德熱量。(lost和gained都是單獨(dú)的過(guò)去分詞，作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明heat)。
(2)Average velocity may be defined as the distance traveled divided by the time of travel. 平均速度可定義為通過(guò)的距離除以運(yùn)動(dòng)所需的時(shí)間。(define…as…,“把…定義為…”。過(guò)去分詞traveled作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明distance，分詞短語(yǔ)divided…travel也是說(shuō)明distance的定語(yǔ)成分。)
(3)The kilogramme-calorie is the heat required to raise one kilogramme of water through one degree centigrade. 把1千克水升高攝氏1度所需的熱量為1千卡。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)required…centigrade作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明heat.介詞短語(yǔ)through…centrigrade是raise要求的狀語(yǔ)。)
(4)Particles bearing like charges tend to repel one another, whereas particles bearing unlike charges tend to attract one another. 帶有相同電荷的粒子相互排斥，而帶有不同電荷的粒子則相互吸引。(bearing like charges和bearing unlike charge均為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾particles.)
(5)When a body loses some of its electons, the total of negative charges left in it is less than the positive charge.當(dāng)一個(gè)物體失去一些電子時(shí)，該物體中剩下的負(fù)電荷就少于正電荷。(left in it是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾charge.Left是leave的過(guò)去分詞。)
(6)The distance passed over by a body in uniform motion is equal to the velocity multiplied by the time. 一個(gè)物體勻速通過(guò)的距離等于速度乘以時(shí)間。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)passed…motion作定語(yǔ)，修飾distance.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)multiplied…time作定語(yǔ)，修飾velocity.)
(7)In any machine, because of the effect of friction, the useful work done by the machine is always less than the wok done on the machine. 在任何一臺(tái)機(jī)器中，由于摩擦的影響，及其所作的有效功總是小于對(duì)及其所作的功。(done by the machine，和done on the machine均為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，分別修飾work.)
(8)The average power is the work performed divided by the time required for the performance. 平均功率等于所作的功除以做功所需的時(shí)間。(單個(gè)分詞performed修飾work.Divided…performance 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，也修飾work.Required…performance 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾time.)
(9)Chemistry is one of the natural sciences which treats of the world around us, its wealth of different forms and the diversity of phenomena taking place in it. 化學(xué)是研究我們周圍的物質(zhì)世界、研究各種物質(zhì)的不同形式以及世界上發(fā)生各種現(xiàn)象的差異的一門(mén)自然科學(xué)。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)taking place in it在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾phenomena.Take place，“發(fā)生”。A wealth of …，“大量”)
(10)The wave length of the light given out by b given source depends upon the orbital changes of the electrons which occur within the atoms constituting the substance which is emitting the light. 一定光源所發(fā)出的光，其波長(zhǎng)取決于構(gòu)成發(fā)光物質(zhì)的原子內(nèi)部的電子軌道的變化。(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)given out…source作定語(yǔ)，修飾light.Congstituting…light是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾atoms.)
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