職稱英語備考：概括大意Eye Problems
Eye Problems
視力問題
1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer, is now regarded as one cause of cataracts (白內(nèi)障).
電腦化辦公，看電視，夜間駕駛甚至陽光都讓我們的眼睛操勞過度。我們的眼睛面臨著很大壓力。陽光，尤其是夏天的陽光，被認為是白內(nèi)障的誘因之一。
2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外線) are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye. Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.
臭氧層變薄意味著更多的短波紫外線到達地球，這些紫外線是使眼內(nèi)晶狀體模糊的頭號風險因素。紫外線會增加角膜病變的風險，使視力模糊，最終導致白內(nèi)障。這些射線只能用防紫外鏡片隔離。然而流行的太陽鏡不能給我們的眼睛提供足夠保護。
3 "Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. Mireille Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than 100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.
參與了最近的研究的MB醫(yī)生表示，夜視能力降低和眼疲勞越來越普遍。40歲以上的人眼部有小問題的大幅上升。MB醫(yī)生說每只眼睛由六塊肌肉控制，這些肌肉每天要做超過十萬次以上的運動。所以每個人都應(yīng)該學著鍛煉眼部肌肉，并且讓它們休息。
4 It was traditionally thought that near- or far-sightedness were inherited conditions and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.
傳統(tǒng)上認為近/遠視是遺傳病，不會受到環(huán)境影響。但是新的研究正在挑戰(zhàn)這種假說。
5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.
最近的研究表明在美國和西歐多達80%的小學生有近視問題。研究者表示，多年的近距離的.、二維的課業(yè)使絕大多數(shù)孩子在10歲之前至少是輕度近視。
6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (電磁場) that make it work harder It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which result from staring at a screen.
夜視的問題也困擾著將近25%的人。由于電腦的使用，這一數(shù)字還在繼續(xù)增加。使用電腦屏幕意味著眼睛必須在電磁場里工作，這使得眼睛更加吃力。據(jù)估計，25%到30%的人有眼部疾病，例如由于長時間盯著屏幕導致的夜間視物困難。
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